Культура прав людини: міжнародно-правові стандарти й національний досвід

Abstract

The current state of the formation of culture of human rights in Ukraine and in the world is characterized by ambiguity and contradiction. On the one hand, human rights are almost unanimously recognized as the value of universal culture, and there are an extensive system of international standards and institutions for their regulation and protection. On the other hand, the respect for human rights, their observance, guarantees are levelled and devalued in the conditions of modern international armed conflicts, disasters of anthropogenic nature, reduction of material and natural resources, etc.

The level of culture of human rights, both of separate individuals and Ukrainian society as a whole, is not high. It is due to the historical past (because individualism, in the context of which the concept of human rights was developed in the West, was not inherent in Ukrainian society) and the realities of the present. Temporary occupation of the territories and the unannounced war in Ukraine are a serious challenge to human rights, actually, it is refutation of respect for human life and human dignity. In such a situation, it is important for both citizens and government officials to have knowledge of human rights and skills in their implementation and protection.

The purpose of the article is to study the educational and research areas of the formation of culture of human rights as the basis of democracy and a civilized state, an analysis of international legal standards and national experience.

Cooperation within the framework of international organizations, implementation of obligations arising from universal and regional international legal acts, that are aimed at training and education in the spirit of human rights of all strata of the population and professional groups, is of special significance for the formation of culture of human rights in our time in Ukraine. For a long time, various international and regional organizations have been campaigning for public information on human rights.

Education in the field of human rights is a vital condition for prevention of human rights violations and the most important contribution to the formation of a just society in which everyone's rights will be appreciated and respected, a high level of human rights culture will be formed. To achieve results in this area is possible only on the basis of effective international cooperation and dialogue of all interested parties, as well as ensuring the human right to know their rights.

An important place in the formation of the culture of human rights, along with the educational direction is the research component, namely the development of human rights ideas in candidate's and doctoral dissertations on historical, political, legal and philosophical sciences, the development of new areas of human rights science, the creation of scientific laboratories, initiative research groups and collectives for the preparation of collective monographs, encyclopedias on human rights, scientific student circles, specialized human rights departments, legal clinics.

The priority directions in the formation of human rights culture in the modern Ukrainian society are the implementation of the obligations arising from universal and regional international legal acts aimed at training and education, in the spirit of human rights, of all layers of population and professional groups, as well as creation of conditions and encouragement of conducting scientific research in the field of human rights and freedoms and applied research in legal science.