ПРАВА ЛЮДИНИ ТА ГРОМАДЯНИНА В КОНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ АКТАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАРОДНОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ

Abstract

 The article examines the problem of the development of the doctrine of natural human rights and its implementation in the constitutional acts of the Ukrainian National Republic of 1917-1918. Following article explains the reasons for the changes in relation to the problem of protecting natural human rights at the

beginning of the twentieth century. The leaders of the Ukrainian Central Rada were well aware that the revival of national statehood is impossible without a clear legal definition of the status of a citizen of Ukraine. This problem became especially urgent after the proclamation of the third Universal, when the announcement of the revival of the Ukrainian state took place. The Ukrainian government stood up to protect human life and dignity, freedom of speech, press, religion. The citizens of the country were guaranteed certain political and social rights without distinction of gender and age of citizens. But introducing innovative views for that time, members of the Ukrainian Central Rada found it difficult to finally resolve the issue of applying the “labour principle”. It actually introduced inequality of citizens of the state on the basis of their social-class origin, what is a blatant violation of the basic principle of the constitutional state - the equality of all citizens before the law. Some of the decisions implemented in the constitutional acts of the UNR, such as, for example, the introduction of the nationalization of land, private factories, factories and banks, when the private owner remained defenceless against the state, cannot be called legal. The content of many constitutional acts issued by the UCR contains provisions on the protection of the rights of representatives of national minorities, and this is not accidental, because the UNR was well aware of the need to resolve the “national question” as one of the most difficult in the country. But on the way to the successful development of the doctrine of the protection of fundamental human and civil rights in the Ukrainian National Republic were not only such factors as a lack of lawyers and low legal awareness of citizens of the country. The real restriction of human and civil rightsin the Ukrainian National Republic was introduced by the command of the German occupation forces against the will of the Ukrainian legitimate government.